Características ultrassonográficas e clínicopatológicas de pacientes com Síndrome de Sjögren e sicca não-Sjögren atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG / Ultrasonographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with Sjögren's Syndrome and sicca non-Sjögren from Hospital das Clínicas da UFMG

O diagnóstico da Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) é baseado em achados clínicos, sorológicos e microscópicos. O exame de ultrassom (US) evidencia danos estruturais nas glândulas salivares maiores que podem contribuir no diagnóstico da SS. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características ultrassonográficas dos pacientes com SS (grupo SS), e dos pacientes com secura bucal que não preencheram os critérios atuais do Colégio Americano e Liga Europeia de Reumatologia (ACR/EULAR), (grupo Sicca não-SS); e analisar a associação da imagens do US com parâmetros clínicos, sorológicos e microscópicos. Para isso, 40 pacientes pareados, dos grupos SS (n=20) e Sicca não-SS (n=20), foram recrutados e as parótidas e submandibulares examinadas no US com o método OMERACT nos modos B e color Doppler por examinador cego. As imagens obtidas foram classificadas como ausente, leve, moderada ou severa, correspondendo aos scores 0, 1, 2 ou 3, respectivamente. Para fins de estatística, os dados foram dicotomizados em ausente ou leve e moderada ou severa. Características tais como fluxo salivar não-estimulado (FSNE), xeroftalmia, focus score (FS), bem como sorologia para fator antígeno nuclear (FAN), fator reumatoide (FR), anticorpos anti-SSA/Ro e antiSSB/La foram obtidos dos prontuários ou coletados durante o estudo. Análises estatísticas comparativas da avaliação do US, bem como a relação desta avaliação com as diferentes características foram realizadas. No grupo Sicca não-SS houve maior prevalência de glândulas salivares sem alteração ou com alteração leve, quando comparados com o grupo SS, nos quais as alterações moderada ou severa foram mais prevalentes (p<0,05). No color Doppler a glândula parótida do grupo Sicca não-SS apresentou mais fluxo vascular normal ou com alteração leve, em comparação ao grupo SS (p<0,05). Presença de xeroftalmia, anti-SSA/Ro, FAN, FR e FS positivos foram mais frequentes no grupo SS e em pacientes com alterações moderada ou severa na análise do US no modo b (p<0,05). O FSNE não diferiu entre os grupos ou com o grau de alteração das glândulas (p<0,05). As características do US das parótidas e submandibulares utilizando o sistema OMERACT modo B permitiram uma distinção entre os grupos SS e Sicca não-SS. Os resultados corroboram para que o US seja incorporado como uma possibilidade de exame não invasivo complementar no Hospital das clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC/UFMG) e em outros centros de referência de tratamento da Doença, que ainda têm tido o uso do US pouco explorado.

The diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is based on clinical, serological, and microscopic findings. Ultrasound (US) examination can reveal structural damage in major salivary glands, which can contribute to the diagnosis of SS. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the ultrasonographic characteristics of patients with SS (SS group) and patients with dry mouth who did not meet the current criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) for SS (non-SS sicca group). Additionally, we aimed to analyze the association of US images with clinical, serological, and microscopic parameters. For this purpose, 40 matched patients from the SS group (n=20) and non-SS sicca group (n=20) were recruited, and the parotid and submandibular glands were examined using the OMERACT method in B and color Doppler modes by a blinded examiner. The obtained images were classified as absent, mild, moderate, or severe, corresponding to scores 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. For statistical purposes, the data were dichotomized as absent or mild and moderate or severe. Characteristics such as unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (UWS), xerophthalmia, focus score (FS), as well as serology for antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-SSA/Ro, and anti-SSB/La were obtained from medical records or collected during the study. Comparative statistical analyses of the US evaluation, as well as the relationship of this evaluation with different characteristics, were performed. In the non-SS sicca group, there was a higher prevalence of salivary glands with no alteration or mild alteration when compared to the SS group, in which moderate or severe changes were more prevalent (p<0.05). In the color Doppler, the parotid gland in the non-SS sicca group showed more normal vascular flow or mild alteration compared to the SS group (p<0.05). The presence of xerophthalmia, positive anti-SSA/Ro, ANA, RF, and FS was more frequent in the SS group and in patients with moderate or severe changes in the B-mode US analysis (p<0.05). UWS did not differ between the groups or with the degree of gland alterations (p<0.05). The US characteristics of the parotid and submandibular glands using the OMERACT B-mode system allowed for differentiation between the SS and non-SS sicca groups. The results support the incorporation of US as a non-invasive complementary examination at the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC/UFMG) and at other reference centers for the treatment of the disease, where the use of US has been underutilized.

Oral and maxillofacial lesions in older individuals and associated factors: A retrospective analysis of cases retrieved in two different services.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMLs) in older people usually assess data of laboratory services and data from oral medicine clinic have been poorly described. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare OMLs in older individuals considering two data sources, besides to assess associated factors with the three most frequent lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of individuals and lesions reported in both services were collected. Univariate analysis was used to test the association between the occurrence of the lesion and the independent variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 1,695 (37.3%) records were from the Oral Medicine clinic and 2,848 (62.7%) from the Laboratory service. Inflammatory/reactive lesion group was the most frequent in both services (40.4% in Oral Medicine Clinic and in 44.2% Laboratory). The second and third groups of lesions in the Oral Medicine clinic were infectious diseases (18.5%), and variations of normality (10.8%), while in the laboratorial service were the malignant neoplasms (17.6%) and potentially malignant disorders (13.3%). Differences between services regarding the frequency of lesion groups occurred (p<0.05), except for pigmented (p=0.054) and infectious (p=0.054) groups. Females (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.81-2.39) and individuals who wore a removable prosthesis (OR: 3.99; CI: 2.83-5.62) were also likely to have inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Old-old individuals (OR: 1.70; CI: 1.30-2.21), male (OR: 3.63; CI: 3.00-4.39), smoking (OR: 6.05; CI: 4.84-7.56) or alcohol use (OR: 3.95; CI: 3.12-5.01) were likely to have squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed different frequencies of OMLs in older individuals according to the data sources and age group. The findings are important to direct public policies for this age group. Key words:Oral medicine, laboratory service, older adult, oral diagnosis, oral and maxillofacial pathology.